Possible contributors
Diet, fluid intake, activity, medicines, metabolic conditions and bowel-function disorders can contribute. New symptoms may need a different evaluation from long-standing constipation.
Assessment and tests
History and examination guide whether blood tests, imaging, colonoscopy or specialised bowel-function tests are useful.
Treatment approach
Management may include tailored fibre, fluid and activity advice, appropriate medicines or treatment of an underlying cause. One plan does not suit everyone.
Warning signs
Prompt assessment is important for bleeding, unexplained weight loss, anaemia, vomiting, severe pain, marked swelling or inability to pass stool and gas.
Questions patients often ask
Does everyone need more fibre?+
Not necessarily. Fibre can help many people but may worsen some symptoms or be unsuitable in certain conditions.
Can medicines cause constipation?+
Yes. Several prescription and non-prescription medicines can contribute. Do not stop them without advice.
When is colonoscopy considered?+
It depends on age, warning signs, history, screening needs and previous tests.